Ventilator.



S. F. McDONALD.

VENTILATOR.

APPLICATION FILED 050.1, l9 16.

Patented J an. 28, 1919.

2 SHEETS-SHETI S. F. McDONALD.

VENTILATOR.

APPLICATION FILED 050.1. ms.

1,92,832. Patented Jan. 28, 1919.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

STEPHEN F. MODONALI), OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

VENTILATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 28, 1919.

Application filed December 1, 1916. Serial No. 134,275.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, STEPHEN F. Mo- DONALD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Guyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Ventilators, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to ventilators, and more particularly to ventilators of the rotary-cowl ejector-duct type. Among the general objects which it is the aim of this invention to secure are an even flow of the exhausted air throughout the entire crosssectional area of the exhaust duct and the air shaft connected thereto and a maximum aspirating efieet of the ejector duct or ducts upon the exhaust duct, with a corresponding increase in the eflicienoy of the ventilator. I secure the foregoing objects in and through the embodiment of my invention illustrated in the drawings forming part hereof wherein Figure 1 represents a central vertical sectional View through a ventilator of the type referred to and constructed in accordance with my invention, said view corresponding substantially to the line 11 of Fig. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows; Fig. 2 a transverse horizontal sectional view through the upper rotary cowl portion of the ventilator corresponding substantially to the line 22 of Fig. 3 and looking in the direction of the arrows; and Fig. 3 a central vertical sectional view corresponding substantially to the line 33 of Fig. 2 and looking in the direction of the arrows; the parts below the rotary cowl being-shown in elevation.

Describing by reference characters the various parts illustrated herein, 1 denotes a portion of the fixed lower section or a1r shaft of the ventilator. The upper end of this shaft is shown as telescoping within and as annularly spaced from the lower end of a neck 2 which projects downwardly from the bottom of the rotary horizontally extending cowl-section of the ventilator, mdicated generally at 3, and having a lateral discharge outlet indicated generally at 4. For convenience of description, that end of the cowl or rotary section 3 which ispresented toward the wind will be referred to hereinafter as the front end or portion while the opposite or discharge end will be referred to as the rear end or portion.

This upper rotary section comprises a body the 1I1I181' portion of which is polygonal in cross-sect1on, the section as shown herein be- 1ng rectangular. This inner portion is Wedge-shaped at its front end, the wedge belng provided by the inclined sides 5 meeting at a common front edge 6. At their rear ends, the sides 5 merge with the sides 7 of the discharge portion of said body. The top Wall 8 of the said inner portion is preferably horizontal and parallel with the bottom wall 9 of said body. The top and bottom walls 10 and 11 of the front or wedge-shaped end of the cowl are preferably inclined, as shown, and are in effect inclined extensions of the walls 8 and 9 respectively. The walls 10 and 11 preferably do not intersect, while the neck 2 depends from the walls 9 and 11.

It will be observed that the walls 7 are arranged as close as possible to the sides of the duct formed within the neck 2, extending tangentially to the upper end of said duct, as will appear from Fig. 2; also that the rear ends of these walls do not extend as far as the rear side of the duct formed within said neck but terminate somewhat short thereof. It will also be seen from Fig. 1 that the top wall 8 projects a short distance beyond the rear side of said neck and overhangs the duct formed therewithin. The importance of this arrangement in connection with the outer portion, which provides ejector ducts, will be explained hereinafter.

In addition to the imier portion thus described, the cowl comprises an outer portion which is so connected to and associated with the inner portion as to form an ejector therewith which will secure the efficiency referred to hereinbefore. The ejector is shown as made up of three ejector ducts cooperating respectively with the top and the sides of the inner portion, and these ducts are formed between the walls of the inner and outer portions in the manner shown herein. It will be observed that the bottom wall 9 is extended horizontally and laterally beyond the sides 7, as indicated at 9, and that the edges 9 of these side extensions are t'apered from front to rear, the bottom wall portion 9 at the rear of the ends of the sides 7 being common to both the inner and the outer body. The outer portion is preferably formed from a single sheet of metal so shaped as to provide with the top, sides, and extensions 9 of the inner portion ejector ducts which diininish in rcross sectional area from the front to the rear ends thereof. The ejector duct at the top is des ignated generally by the numeral 12 while the ducts at the sides are eachdesignated generw ally by the numeral 13, each of the ducts and 13 being preferably'rectangulai' in section. The ducts 13 are each provided between,

a sidewall 7 of the inner portion and a verti cal wall 1 1 of the outer portion, the bottoms of the walls 1 1 beingsecured to the edges of the extensions 9? in :anyco wenient inanher, as by flanges 14 whichniay be soldered or otherwise secured to said extensions. The metal ofthe outer portion is shown as so bent at 15 as to provide allsparallel with.

the extensions 9 the nietal in. the upper portion of said outer portion being so bent and shaped as to provide a top wall 'l6'and parallelside walls 17 extending upwardly from the sides of the wall 8, the top wall converging toward the rear end 'of the wall 8. The mus- 1 1-, 15, 16 and 17 are extendedrearwardly as far as the rear end ofthe wall 9 and the front ends of the said walls pre'f erably project a short distance beyond the junction of the walls 5 and I a By the construction shown, the ejector ducts 13 each extend from a short distance in front of the junction of thewalls 5 and 7 to a point substantially even, with the rear side of the air shaft 1; These ducts are abruptly tapered from their front to their rear ends, the widthof each ofkthe ductsait the rear end of the wall 7 be'ing be tween one-half and one-third of its width at the frontonreceivingend. The duct 12 is also tapered from the front to the rear across the shaftsection l and eachhaving a central. sleeve 19 and 20 respectively to which the post may be connected, as by means of pins 19?, 20 respectively. At its upper. end, the post is shown as provided with abearing 21 for theconic'alend 22 of a pin'22 secured to the upper wall, 8 of the inner rotary body, the rotary body beingcentered with'respect to said post "by inean's of a-sleeve 23 onthecrossbar A vane 24: is carried by the 'wa1l16 *(being secured thereto in any convenient inanner) whereby theeowl may be kept in operative relation to the wind in the usual manner. 7

By the peculianmanner of 'formingthe ducts 13, a maximum condensation of the air flowing through said ducts occurs in close proximity to the duct formed within the neck- 2 and preferably slightly in advanceof the,;rea r side of said duct, but substantially flush with the rear of the air shaft1l. The air discharged through the duct 12 also issues from this duct in as close proximity to the duct formed within the neck 2 as is practicable, it being advisable to -eX't1i'd the wall 8*beyond the rear side of the duct Within said neck in order to prevent jany, liquid (such as rain or water" of condensation) froin droppingintothe air shaft. It is not necessar'y v or desirable "that the air mevni'gthroughthe duct'i12 should be as greatly condensed at itsoutlet-as is the. case with" the air discliarged-froni the ducts 13', since the-air inoving through the latter ducts is diseimrged+n1 as closeprox imity as possiblem theside's of the upper end of js" ai"d 1 duct and the -major portion of theejectiiig operation is perfornied 'by said ducts 13; The practical result offiarranging tlIQdUOtS in; the 'in'anner descr ibed is to secure within-the neck-*2, and hence inthe air shaft therebeiieath,- anfleve'nand uniformfloi'v of air throughout the entire cross-secmeal area of suchheck and-shaft, so that any one -partof the. cross-sectionalaarea of the -shaft will operate-as eficiently as any other part; Furthermore, the particular an rangenient' "of the ducts insures-,- for a given velocity of wind, a maximum velocity of flow through'thefai'r shaft and the exhaust duct with Which-it communicates.

A further andiniportantadvantage of m construction resides in the fact that, sh'oul d the "wind be light andstri'ke on one sidelonly of the wedge-shaped frontend of: the inner cowl mein'beryit wil l'be directed throughithe ducton that side and be condensed7so as to exercise an effective aspiration upon the air sh'aft, evengin case's wherelthewwiiid is toe light to rotate the cowL: Furthermore, anranging the discharge 1 ends 0f the: lateral. ducts substantially flush with i the :rear 'side of the air shaft 1 insures maximuinueflieciency in exhausting the Jain from said shaft; The arrangement of the upperplates 8 and 16 prevents moisture, snow-and s1e'etfrom-, entering the fair shaft Moreover "in :warin weather, the wall! 8, being'eoolerythancthe. wall 16, serves tojcondense the; water vapor in i the air and thusof itself dacilitatest a circul ation of air through the du'ct 12.

Having thus described my invention vwhat. I claim is:- p

1, In "a 'ventilzttdr 0f the rimmer "de scribed, thecombination of aneirshaft;fand a rotary eo'wl'ha'vin an opening inthewbottointhereofwith w ichjs'aid air shaft cominuni'cates and comprising a body havin I a tapered frontend, there being an 'open ended horizontal ejector duet extending on each 'sidefof said body and earwarc lly 1substantially as f'ztrasthe rear side of'saidair shaft,'and there 'being'an ejector ductabove the top of said body and having its discharge end at the rear of said opening, the tapered front end being located substantially outside said ducts.

2. In a ventilator of the character described, the combination of an air shaft, and

a rotary cowl having an opening in the bottom thereof with which said air shaft communicates, said cowl comprisin a body having a tapered front end, there being an open-ended horizontal ejector duct at each side of said body and at the top of said body and extending rearwardly as far as the rear side of said shaft, the said ducts being tapered from front to rear to produce a condensation of the fluid passing therethrough.

3. In a ventilator of the character described, the combination of an air shaft, and a rotary cowl comprising a body of rectangular cross-section having a wedge shape front end and provided in its bottom with an opening with which the air shaft communicates, there being outer side walls forming with the side walls of said body ducts tapering from front to rear and extending substantially as far as the rear side of said air shaft and there being an outer top wall forming with the top wall of said body a duct which tapers from front to rear, said duct extending rearwardly beyond said opening.

4:. In a ventilator of the character described, the combination of an air shaft, and a rotary cowl comprising an elongated body having'an opening in its bottom communieating with said shaft and being substantially rectangular in cross-section, the front ends of the side walls of said body converging and meeting in a vertical plane and the rear portions of said walls extending substantially tangential to said opening and rearwardly substantially as far as the rear side of said air shaft, the rear portion of the top wall of said body extending substantially parallel with the bottom wall and to the rear of said opening, there being walls located externally of the rear portions of the side and to walls of said body and forming separated e ector ducts therewith, all of said ducts decreasing uniformly in cross sectional area from the front to the rear ends thereof and the cross sectional area of each of said side ducts at the inlet or front end thereof being at least twice the cross sectional area of each of said ducts at its rear or discharge end, the said ducts merging into a common discharge outlet extending rearwardly be- I yond the rear ends of the slde and top walls of said body.

5. In a ventilator of the character described, the combination of an air shaft, and a rotary cowl with which said shaft communicates, said cowl comprising an inner body having a tapered front end the top whereof extends rearwardly beyond the rear side of said air shaft and an outer body having a discharge outlet extending beyond the rear end of the inner body, there being separated ducts provided between the inner body and the outer body at the top and sides of said inner body, the said ducts diminishing in cross sectional area from the front to the rear ends thereof.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aflix my signature.

STEPHEN F. MCDONALD.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G." 

